...
How
...
are
...
tension-only
...
members
...
modeled
...
during
...
response-spectrum
...
analysis?
...
Answer:
...
...
and
...
compression
...
-only
...
behavior
...
are
...
nonlinear
...
effects
...
which
...
should
...
be
...
evaluated
...
using
...
nonlinear
...
...
analysis
...
.
...
...
analysis
...
(RSA)
...
is
...
a
...
linear
...
method
...
which
...
does
...
not
...
consider
...
nonlinear
...
assignments
...
during
...
formulation.
...
...
represent
...
another
...
nonlinear
...
assignment
...
which
...
does
...
not
...
affect
...
RSA.
...
RSA
...
uses
...
effective
...
stiffness
...
and
...
effective
...
...
according
...
to
...
the
...
stiffness
...
used
...
in
...
the
...
corresponding
...
...
analysis
...
case.
...
Stiffness
...
may
...
be
...
based
...
on
...
zero
...
initial
...
conditions
...
or
...
that
...
at
...
the
...
end
...
of
...
the
...
nonlinear
...
case.
...
These
...
options
...
are
...
shown
...
in
...
Figure
...
1:
Nonlinear time-history analysis should be run to consider complete nonlinear behavior.
See Also
- Tension and compression limits article
- Tension-only elements in ETABS article