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{live-template:Tutorial} {numberedheadings} This tutorial explains how horizontal and vertical layout line geometry can be defined in SAP2000. The layout line is broken into a number of segments between the transition points (PT - point of tangent, PC - point for curvature, PVT - point of vertical tangent, PVC - point of vertical curvature) and each segment is defined using the parameters available in the relevant SAP2000 form. h1. Baseline Geometry A sample baseline to be entered into SAP2000 is described in the following two sections. h2. Horizontal Profile !horizontal alignment.png|border=1! !horizontal alignment table.png|border=1! h2. Vertical Profile !vertical alignment.png|border=1! !vertical alignment table.png|border=1! h1. Data to be entered to SAP2000 !baseline geometry in SAP2000.png! Each row in the SAP2000 table below is used to define one segment of the horizontal alignment as follows: * The first row indicates that the initial bearing is N 90° 0′ 0″ E. * The 2nd row defines straight segment, 100m long at the previous bearing, ie. N 90° 0′ 0″ E. * The 3rd row defines the first curved segment. For our alignment, there are no transition curves as the entire second segment has a constant radius of 100m. Therefore, we need to enter the end bearing such that it exactly corresponds to the final station for the segment. In general, either the radius or the end bearing is sufficient to define a circular curve with constant radius. *If you specify radius and end bearing that do not represent a circular segment with constant curvature, then an arc of the specified constant is centered within the specified station range. If this arc length is less than the difference in stations, transitions are created of where the curvature varies linearly from 1/R at each end of the arc to zero at the corresponding station end point.* * The description of the next three rows is similar to the previous rows. !horizontal data in SAP2000.png! Each row in the SAP2000 table below is used to define one segment of the vertical alignment as follows: * The first row lists initial elevation and initial grade as entered on the "Bridge Layout Line Data" form. * The 2nd row defines constant slope (20% segment) up to station 100. * The 3rd row defines parabolic segment with initial slope \+20% and end slope \-20%. * Finally, the 4th row defines constant slope (-20% segment) up to station 614.16. !vertical data in SAP2000.png! {numberedheadings}
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This tutorial was written for SAP2000, but the same concept applies also to CSiBridge.

This tutorial explains how to define horizontal and vertical layout-line geometry. Layout lines are broken into a number of segments between transition points, including point of tangent (PT), point of curvature (PC), point of vertical tangent (PVT), and point of vertical curvature (PVC). Each segment is defined using the parameters in the relevant menu.

On this page:

Table of Contents
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Layout line geometry

Plan and elevation views of the sample layout line used in this tutorial are presented with corresponding data sets below:

Plan view

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Figure 1 - Layout line plan view

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Figure 2 - Plan view data

Elevation view

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Figure 3 - Layout line elevation view

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Figure 4 - Elevation view data

Data to be entered in SAP2000

Data is entered using the Bridge Layout Line Data menu, shown in Figure 5:

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Figure 5 - Baseline geometry in SAP2000

Select Define Horizontal Layout Data to enter plan view geometry. Each row of the table in Figure 6 defines one segment of the layout-line plan as follows:

  • Row 1 defines the initial bearing as N 90° 0′ 0″ E.

  • Row 2 defines a straight segment, 100m long, which extends from the previous bearing (N 90° 0′ 0″ E).

  • Row 3 defines the first curved segment, which has a constant radius of 100m. Since curvature is constant, there are no transition curves, meaning either radius or end bearing is sufficient for curve definition. If radius and end bearing do not represent a circular segment, the arc generated will be centered in the range specified. If this arc is shorter than the difference in stations, transition curves, varying linearly from 1 / R to zero, will connect the arc to end points.

  • Rows 4-6 follow the same procedure as the previous three rows.

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Figure 6 - Plan view data

Select Define Vertical Layout Data to enter elevation view geometry. Each row of the table in Figure 7 defines one segment of the layout-line elevation as follows:

  • Row 1 defines the initial elevation and the initial grade.

  • Row 2 defines a constant slope of 20% up to station 100.

  • Row 3 defines a parabolic segment with an initial slope of +20% and an end slope of -20%.

  • Row 4 defines a constant slope of -20% to station 614.16.

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Figure 7 - Elevation view data

This procedure generates the layout line diagrammed and described in the Layout-line geometry#Layout line geometry section.

Metadata

  • Name: Layout-line geometry

  • Description: Guidelines for defining vertical and horizontal layout lines, also known as baselines.

  • Program: SAP2000

  • Program Version: 14.2.0

  • Model ID: na

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  • Location: ondrej/test_problems/baseline

  • Status: Finalize